HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND CITIZENSHIP VALUES

Abstract

Citizenship in general can be considered as the cornerstone of development. It is obviously one of the most important ways to address the societal changes and transformations of wars and crises … etc. Therefore، it must be reflected on the capacity building of citizens to be active by increasing opportunities for them and developing and enhance the patriotic affiliation to the national identity.

The research aims to exploring the theoretical and conceptual

Originalisation of the human development and citizenship، the role of human development in strengthening and consolidating the values of citizenship، and then suggesting a reform plan of (social policy) aims to achieve social welfare.

To achieve these goals has، we used the social survey method and chose a sample of (400) respondents among the three provinces of the Kurdistan region، and using the questionnaire as main technique to obtain the fieldwork data and then the analyzing and interpretation.

The most important findings of the research can be summarized as the following:

1.     Lack of citizenship in a society that suffering the crisis.

2.    The spread of diseases، epidemics، dropping out of education and lack of access are the main reasons of the weakness of citizenship.

3.    Discrimination and inequality between women and men in general and especially the political issue.

4.    Widespread poverty and unemployment among people.

Finally، we conclude her to some suggestions as strategies for the development of the spirit of citizenship and promote an active participation as the following:

1. Transformation strategy towards a society free of illiteracy.

2. An active employment strategy.

3. An empowerment strategy of women، youth، and attention to childhood.