Transport activity is considered one of the most important activities special for logistic distribution and supply in most companies, where the cost of transportation is equal to 2/3 of the total cost of logistic distribution and supply and it is estimated at 9% -10% of the gross national product. To achieve economic and human development in any country, this is associated with facilitation and abilities of appropriate transport systems, so it is necessary for the planning process of transport to depend on a sound scientific basis and on the basis of a balance between the rapid development of transport systems on the one hand and economic and social conditions on the other. The transport system of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia consists of roads, air and sea transport and railways. The transport sector in KSA faces many challenges, including the provision of safety requirements, the preservation of the environment from environmental pollution and the enhancement of national security missions. The Hajj represents a unique event, where the number of pilgrims increases each year .The future prospects for the development of the transport sector in the Kingdom is that the government will increase its spending on infrastructure and future projects in order to achieve economic diversification and sustainable growth in all modes of TransportationThe study aims to clarify : chapter one : transport concept and its importance as well as its classifications. Chapter two : the role of human development in transport sector . chapter three : The role of logistics and modern technology in the development of various means of transport around the world. Chapter Four: The reality of the transport sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the challenges it faces for the period (2005-2015). Chapter five : Future prospects for the development of the transport sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The problem of research is :'' transport system development in Saudi Arabia facing the of a major challenge which is the need for a comprehensive and organized strategy for structural and institutional reform despite of the future plans developed for the development of this sector and the increase in financial allocations to the state budget in the field of transport and communications. The researcher has relied on the descriptive analysis , the collection of data , modern statistics from various sources and organization and analysis them
Keywords: Transport sector, Logistics, Economic and Human Development, Challenges, Future Prospects, Transport and Communications Provisions