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- barriers and attitudes, of medical teaching staff ,doctors and students toward scientific research at benghazi university libya
- convictions of student teacher of teaching profession. faculty of education - university of bahri, sudan
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Journal of Human Development and Education for Specialized Research
About the Journal :
The Journal of Human Development and Education for Specialized Research is an academic journal issued by the Malaysian Institute of Science and Development. The aim of this journal is to disseminate serious studies based on theoretical and field research, and to promote multidisciplinary studies in human development, management and education for specialized research and become a leading journal in human development and education in the world. The Journal also aims at publishing theoretical and applied researches in the fields of human development and education for specialized research such as human resources management, business administration, communication sciences, development studies, economic sciences, education sciences, history, industrial relations, media sciences, psychology, Public administration, religious studies and others.
SHOULDER AND LOWER BACK PAIN CAUSED BY THE WEIGHT OF THE SCHOOL BAG AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ALGERIA
Argoub mohammed
Maarmar Hayat
Merrah Ali
Saidi Rachid
University: Ibn Khaldoun - Tiaret; Faculty Of Social And Humanity Sciences; Department Of Social Sciences- Algeria
Abstract :
The present study aimed to reveal the effect of school bag weight on the shoulders and lower back of fourth and fifth graders. The study was conducted on a sample of 71 primary school children of both sexes (60.56% male and 39.42% female). The study took place in two steps: 1- Taking measurements of the weight of the the children and their schoolbags using an electronicscale. 2- Revealing of painful areas by means of a questionnaire expressing the sensation of pain. The results reveal that the average weight of theschoolbag relative to the student was 14.83kg for males and16.03kg for females. The prevalence of shoulder and lower back pain was 82% and 45.5% respectively. 68% of respondents indicated that the pain persists even after returning from school. The study recommended reconsidering the design of the school bag in an ergonomic way.
Keywords: school bag - back pain - shoulder pain - primary school children
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